برنارد لويس وفي محاضرة له ألقاها في 7 مارس (آذار) 2007 ينسجم مع نظرته التاريخية الانطباعية حول العلاقة بين المسلمين والغرب، إذ يقول: «إن الغرب اليوم يعيش مرحلة الهجوم عليه الأشد فتكاً. فمنذ خروجه من الجزيرة العربية، كانت السيطرة على دار الكفر وتقويض حياتها السياسية هدفه الأول». يضيف: «وتأخذ محاولات الحوار المعاصرة أشكالاً أخرى. رأينا في زمننا ذلك المشهد الرائع للبابا وهو يعتذر للمسلمين عن الحملات الصليبية. لا أريد أن أدافع عن سلوك الصليبيين الذي كان شنيعاً في مناح عدة. لكن لنكن أكثر عدلاً؛ فمن المفترض أن نؤمن بأن الصليبيين شكلوا جبهة عداء ضد العالم الإسلامي. لكن الحال هو أنه بالكاد حصل النداء البابوي للحملات الصليبية سنة 846 م، عندما أبحرت رحلة بحرية تتشكل من فيالق مسلمة من صقلية التي كانت تحت الحكم المسلم، يُقدّر عددها المؤرخون المعاصرون بـ 73 سفينة تحمل آلاف الرجال، أبحرت صعوداً في نهر التّايبر، وهاجمت فيالقها روما، وسيطرت على أوستيا وبورتو ونهب رجالها باسيليقا سان بيتر في روما وكاتدرائية سان بول على الضفة اليمنى من نهر التايبر».
يأتي نموذج لويس بكونه من المؤرخين الكلاسيكيين والذي شكّل انطباعاً قوياً عن المسلمين تجعل الحوار مع رموز الإسلام وأتباعه حلماً صعب التحقق، ومحاولة فتح كوى حوارية أمراً عبثياً، والتفاهم مع الحالة الإسلامية بعلاقاتها المضطربة مع الغرب من أشد المستحيلات. ولكن ثمة وجهات نظرٍ أخرى أكثر حداثيّةً، إذ تنطلق من عدة مفهومية لم يتوافر عليها لويس وهو المؤرخ الفيللوجي التقليدي ذو النزعة الاستشراقية؛ ثمة فلاسفة لاحقون استطاعوا التنظير للحوارات بين أتباع الأديان باعتباره الوسيلة الوحيدة لتخفيف التوتر وحقن الدماء والتأسيس لمواجهة التطرف والعناد من كافة رموز الأديان الإبراهيمية تحديداً، والأمر ليس كما يقول لويس حول استحالة الحوار والنقاش، بل تمثل النظرة المتطورة لمفهوم الدين نفسه بعد الانتصارات المعرفية المتعددة في فتوحات البحوث الانثربولوجية وتفجرات البنيوية وارتحالات التأويلية اللغوية، كل ذلك جعل الفرصة مواتية الآن للتعامل بشكلٍ أكثر حيويّة مع مفهوم الدين بشكلٍ عام.
لقد تابعت باهتمام مؤتمر «فعاليات الصداقة بين الشعوب» بمدينة ريميني الإيطالية، التي انطلقت بمشاركة قيادات سياسية ودينية وفعاليات علمية وفكرية وبحضور أكثر من 5 آلاف شخص، وكانت كلمة الأمين العام لرابطة العالم الإسلامي محمد العيسى واضحةً بتأكيدها ضرورة تغليب منطق التفاهم على أساليب الصراع بالعلاقات بين الأديان والبشر، ومن ذلك قوله: «الشر لم يَرْضَ بذلك، فأطلق كراهيته وأشعل الحروب والظلم، فصَنَّف الناس على أساس يقوم على العنصرية والإقصاء، ورَفَعَ شعارَ صدام الحضارات، وَجَعَلَ الأصلَ في كوكبنا هو الصراع لا السلم والوئام، وأَسَّسَ لنظرية أن الاختلاف والتنوع يعني الصدام، وأنه لا كرامة إلا لجماعته الدينية أو العرقية أو الحزبية؛ سواء أعلن ذلك أو مارسه دون إعلان، ليس من المنطق ولا العدل أن نَختزل هذا الدين بمئات ملايينه في فئة متطرفة لا تتجاوز بحسب إحصائية رابطة العالم الإسلامي سوى نسمة واحدة للمتطرفين في مقابل مائتي ألف نسمة من بقية المسلمين الذين يمثلون الاعتدال الإسلامي. إن الاختلاف الديني والثقافي بين بني البشر واقع لا يجوز إنكاره، ومهما تكُن مساحة الفجوة في بعض أصوله أو فروعه، فإنه لا يبرِّر تحويل العالم إلى حلبة من الصراع، وهذا الاختلاف يدخل ضمن سُنّة الخالق في وجود التعدد والتنوع، والتي يجب ألا تصطدم أبداً مع أهمية التعايش والتعاون بل والإحسان والمحبة للجميع كشرط أساسي للعيش بحرية وسلام ووئام».
والأهم إشارة شخص مثل عالم الدين محمد العيسى أن هذه الرؤية المنفتحة على العالم تعبر عن عموم المسلمين، وليست مجرد رأيٍ شخصي، والقارئ لمضامين الكلمة يجدها متجاوزةً للأساليب التي تطرح من بعض رجال الدين التقليديين المنطلقين من مركزيةٍ مستفزةٍ للآخر، أو المستخدمة لأساليب تمنّ على الآخرين حين تدعو إلى صيغ التسامح والسلام، بل أعتبر الكلمة التي ألقاها العيسى بمثابة خطاب جديد يندر أن يكتبه بهذا الوعي عالم دين مسلم.
يمكن للمؤسسات الإسهام ولو على المدى البعيد بتخفيف التوتر بين المذاهب والأديان، وأن تتجه نحو التفاهم والنقاش العمومي، وتجاوز أساليب الحروب ونزعات التغالب.
فهد سليمان الشقيران
*نقلاً عن “الشرق الأوسط”
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